Stata histogram frequency example. Example: Given the test scores of 10 students: Scores .

Stata histogram frequency example They can be used for both categorical and quantitative variables. com Kernel density estimators approximate the density f(x) from observations on x. . Also see [R] histogram for an easier-to-use alter-native. Basically, by adding a frequency weight, you are telling Stata that a single line Feb 1, 2025 · The following histogram displays the number of books on the x -axis and the frequency on the y -axis. Go to File -> Example Datasets -> “Example Datasets Installed With Stata”. Figure 2 2 2: Histogram consists of 6 bars with the y-axis in increments of 2 from 0-16 and the x-axis in intervals of 1 from 0. will display a frequency table including percentages and cumulative percentages. For example, in a class of 20 students, it might show that 25% scored between 70 and 80%. Each range is shown as a bar along the x-axis, and For information on a two-way table of frequency counts along with measures of association, including the common Pearson 2, the likelihood-ratio 2, Cramér’s , Fisher’s exact test, Goodman and Kruskal’s gamma, and Kendall’s , see [R] tabulate twoway. It is undocumented in the manuals but explained in the online help. Remarks and examples Kernel density estimators approximate the density () from observations on . As histograms are most commonly used to display ordinal or categorical (sometimes called nominal) variables, the bin numbers shown usually represent something. This unit demonstrates how to produce many of the frequency distributions and plots from the previous unit, Frequency Distributions. Forinstance,intheautomobiledata,mpg isacontinuousvariable,butthemileageratingshavebeenmeasuredtointegerprecision In this example, we can see that the variable is approximately normally distributed (with a slight negative skew). To learn how, check out this Tech Tip about The label Options for use in both cases density, fraction, frequency, and percent are alternatives that specify whether you want the histogram scaled to density, fractional, or frequency units, or percentages. Moreover, we can specify that the values are discrete, in order to display one bin per value. It assumes that you have set Stata up on your computer (see the “Getting Started with Stata” handout), and that you have read in the set of data that you want to analyze (see the “Reading in Stata Format (. Let’s use the auto data file for making some graphs. set seed 123456789 . Attached is the example A frequency table is a simple but very useful description of one variable and gives us both the frequency and various types of percentages of individuals with the different values. As you Jan 27, 2025 · This guide provides instructions to generate basic figures/graphs using Stata that are useful for exploratory data analysis. For continuous data the histogram command in Stata will put the data into artificial categories called bins. This tutorial explains how to create and modify histograms in Stata. histogram has the advantages that How to make a histogram that shows a variable's distribution in Stata. 00 (100%). The data are divided into nonoverlapping intervals, and counts are made of the number of data points within each interval. In Stata, you can attach meaning to those categorical/ordinal variables with value labels. The x-axis should show the satisfaction of life on a scale from 0 (not satisfied) to 10 (very satisfied). Jul 23, 2025 · Relative Frequency Histogram Relative Frequency Histogram displays proportions instead of exact counts for each interval. ” For example, to look at miles per gallon, you would type: Density histograms are used a lot in statistics. webuse nhanes2l (Second National histogram—Histogramsforcontinuousandcategoricalvariables9 Histogramsofdiscretevariables Specifyhistogram’sdiscreteoptionwhenyouwishtotreatthedataasdiscrete—whenyouwish eachuniquevalueofthevariabletobeassigneditsownbin. density is the default. Stata and Stata Press are registered trademarks with the World Intellectual Property Or-ganization Example 1 dotplot may be used as an alternative to Stata’s histogram graph for displaying the distribution of one variable. Relative frequency histograms offer insights into the occurrence of distinct values and distribution patterns within a dataset. This allows you to automate exporting and formatting of, for example, Stata estimation results. The distribution may show a skew, with a majority of smaller average drink days and a few larger ones, indicating potential over-dispersion or zero-inflation, common traits in count data. 2. It is widely used in social science research. 5-6. 5. putexcel set sets the Excel file to create Jun 16, 2021 · So, 1715 individuals refused 0 time the option, 206 refused one time the option, and so on. org Descriptive methods for nominal and ordinal data using STATA and Excel Frequency distributions (Example 1) Discrete histograms (Example 2) Pie charts (Example 3) Describing relationships between two or more categorical variables Cross tabular frequency distribution (Example 4) Feb 27, 2023 · I recently had a dataset with two groups (0 or 1), and a continuous variable. Aug 20, 2015 · The histogram, kdensity, and cumul commands all take frequency weights, which must be integers. Example: Given the test scores of 10 students: Scores Histograms are a popular tool used to visualize the distribution of a continuous variable. Histogram A histogram is a great way to visualize the distribution of a variable like age. As you Aug 12, 2025 · This module will introduce some basic graphs in Stata 12, including histograms, boxplots, scatterplots, and scatterplot matrices. hist rep78, freq However, if the variable you are graphing takes on noninteger values, this command will not work. Summary statistics: dstat (stats) varlist (stats) varlist The option color (red%30) makes the female histogram red with 30 percent opacity and color (green%30) makes the male histogram green with 30 percent opacity. Aug 3, 2023 · What is a frequency histogram, and how to make it with examples. The command can be used directly to save these variables, enabling more complex manipulation of histograms and production of other graphs Estimation Distribution functions: dstat subcmd varlist if in weight , options where subcmd is one of density (or pdf), histogram, proportion, frequency, cdf, ccdf, quantile, lorenz, share, tip. xls) files and Excel 2007/2010 and newer (. Excel 1997/2003 (. A histogram represents the frequency distribution of a quantitative variable, whose values represented on the X -axis are sorted in ascending order. The histogram graph is commonly used to display frequency distributions of a variable. xlsx) files are supported. Histograms in Stata If you are new to histograms in Stata, you might find it more intuitive to go to the Graphics menu and select Histogram. Also, learn how to make a histogram from a frequency table Sep 3, 2017 · The three different bars in the histogram should show (1) standard employment relationship, (2) temporary workers and (3) unemployed. Description putexcel writes Stata expressions, matrices, images, and returned results to an Excel file. Stata likes to think of a histogram as an empirical approximation to a probabilithy distribution function, but to get the kind of histogram you learned about in elementary school where the height of the bar is proportional to the number of observation in the bin, add the freq option: Description histogram draws histograms of varname, which is assumed to be the name of a continuous variable unless the discrete option is specified. Thank you so much. Histograms are bar graphs that depict these frequency counts—the bar is centered at the What is Stata? It is a multi-purpose statistical package to help you explore, summarize and analyze datasets. When creating histograms in Stata, by default Stata lists the bin numbers along the x-axis. The problem with sampling weights is that they can be non-integral. The frequency can be measured by count, percentage, or density in Stata. This module will introduce some basic graphs in Stata 12, including histograms, boxplots, scatterplots, and scatterplot matrices. Nov 3, 2017 · Good Afternoon, I am using the command "histogram score, frequency normal" to plot a continuous variable with frequencies and with an overlaid normal density curve. You can use Stata's histogram command to create simple histograms, or you can add options to make more sophisticated charts. BUT! I wanted these histograms to overlap and not be side-by-side. , the "Cum. First, load the data by typing the following Today we are going to show you how to create a histogram graph using both Stata menus and Stata commands. If you use a do-file, set your working directory by typing the following: cd "C:\YourDirectoryPath" After setting the working directory, open a do-file by clicking the "New Do-file Editor" icon in the Stata Nov 16, 2022 · Home / Resources & Support / FAQs / Stata Graphs / Histogram of continuous variable with frequencies and overlaid normal density curve Histogram of continuous variable with frequencies and overlaid normal density curve Learn about Stata’s Graph Editor Distribution plots Jul 23, 2020 · For example, if I wanted to create a histogram of price, with the y-axis reflecting frequency, I would enter “price” in the “Variable” box and click on the “Frequency” option under the Y axis. ) This command is used by histogram to generate the variables that are plotted. Nov 16, 2022 · For other histograms with varying widths, if you have Stata 7 or Stata 6 you can specify bin limits to two community-contributed programs, barplot and hist3. It’s a helpful way to visualize the distribution of data values. I am currently using Stata 16. You can also use twoway graph histogram to create histograms. I would like to plot the cumulative frequencies (i. Jul 21, 2016 · Stata for Students: Histograms This article is part of the Stata for Students series. Let's begin by opening the nhanes2l dataset. Stata’s handy –histogram– is a quick Sep 24, 2024 · I want to create a frequency chart such as a line graph or a histogram that depicts how many individuals self-harmed after x months. Therefore, the first step to elaborate a histogram is building the frequency distribution table. Sep 25, 2023 · 4. The higher the opacity, the less transparent the histogram will become. Home / Resources & Support / FAQs / Stata Graphs / Histogram of continuous variable with frequencies and overlaid kernel density estimate Histogram of continuous variable with frequencies and overlaid kernel density estimate Learn about Stata’s Graph Editor Distribution plots Main page Next group create variable newvar use frequency units for cumulative generate equal cumulatives for tied values Description cumul creates newvar, defined as the empirical cumulative distribution function of varname. com Remarks are presented under the following headings: Histograms of continuous variables Overlaying normal and kernel density estimates Histograms of discrete variables Use with by() Video example For an example of editing a histogram with the Graph Editor, see Pollock (2011, 29–31). hist3 is more general, in that it will calculate densities for you. Note that if you want to use probability weights with your data, tabulate can be used with the svy prefix. How to Create Histograms in Stata We’ll use a dataset called auto to illustrate how to create and modify histograms in Stata. com) 1 2 n titles Jul 26, 2024 · Histogram Examples – Graphs, Frequency, Types, Differences Histograms are indispensable tool for statistical analysis and data representation. In this visualization, we can observe many Relationship between graph twoway histogram and histogram graph twoway histogram—documented here—and histogram—documented in [R] histogram—are almost the same command. Description Quick start Syntax Options for use in the continuous case Remarks and examples Also see twoway histogram draws histograms of varname. In a density histogram, the total area of all the blocks is always 1. generate norm = rnormal() . Nov 16, 2022 · Learn how to create histograms with frequencies and overlay normal density curves using Stata's graphing tools for visualizing continuous variables. Consider using twoway bar to produce a histogram (ignoring the better alternative of using twoway histogr m; see [G-2] graph twoway histogram). But the variable (optical density) should be divided/split based on another variable (haemorrhage yes/no=CTresult). Histograms and Boxplots This set of notes describes how to use the computer program Stata to produce histograms and boxplots. To learn how, check out this Tech Tip about The label A histogram can be used to show either continuous or categorical data in a bar graph. set obs 1000 Number of observations (_N ) was 0, now 1,000. Step 1 was to generate an overall decile variable with an –xtile– command. Here we will focus only on histogram. webuse nhanes2l (Second National A histogram is a type of chart that uses rectangular bars to represent frequencies. 25%, etc. Histograms are bar graphs that depict these frequency counts—the bar is centered at When creating histograms in Stata, by default Stata lists the bin numbers along the x-axis. You can type codes in the Stata command window or use a do-file. This comprehensive guide demystifies histograms, making them accessible to educators aiming to bring clarity and engagement to mathematics teaching. Feb 20, 2015 · I am trying to plot a kernel density of a single variable in Stata where the y-axis is displayed as a frequency rather than the default density scale. It may also be used to format cells in an Excel worksheet. For example, if you have a list of heights for 1000 people and you run the histogram command on that data, it will organize the heights into ranges. stata. To create a histogram using commands, just type “histogram (your variable). e. Frequency weights are the kind you have probably dealt with before. Histograms are a popular tool used to visualize the distribution of a continuous variable. 3 Histograms and Kernel Density Plots For a more detailed view of the distribution of a single variable, we can create a histogram using the hist ogram command. If you are new to Stata we strongly recommend reading all the articles in the Stata Basics section. I have a continuous variable (optical density of a haemorrhage=DfrontalLR) for which I want to create histogram, which is not the problem. dotplot norm, title(”Normal distribution, sample size 1000”) Normal distribution, sample size 1000 Weighted Data in Stata There are four different ways to weight things in Stata. sysuse auto. So the x-axis should depict the variable from 0 to 276 and the y-axis should depict the frequency, say in % (so for 0 it would be 8. Descriptive methods for nominal and ordinal data using STATA and Excel Frequency distributions (Example 1) Discrete histograms (Example 2) Pie charts (Example 3) Describing relationships between two or more categorical variables Cross tabular frequency distribution (Example 4) Did you know about twoway histogram gen? (Note the two underscores in the first gap and only one in the second. The basic command for a histogram looks like this: Remarks and examples stata. Beware! Do not use the Stata command graph bar to obtain a bar graph summary of the distribution of a discrete distribution! Stata does have a command called graph bar, but this does not produce a bar graph summary of a discrete variable distribution. I would like the histogram to include a label with the frequency count and a label with the name of the school. I have following variables in Stata: - lifesatisfaction - temporarywork (1, 2): 1= yes= temporary worker; 0= no [G-2] graph twoway histogram — Histogram plots arks of StataCorp LLC. Through practical examples, it breaks down how histograms organize and display data distributions over Cautions le of the axis, if that is necessary. For example, using the system life expectancy data, the command for a histogram of life expectancy would be histogram lexp. Histograms are a very useful graphical tool for understanding the distribution of a variable. Examples using the hsb2 dataset. " columns) instead of an histogram from 0 to 12 on the x axis and the frequency on the y axis. Mar 19, 2025 · This histogram reveals the frequency distribution of average drink days after excluding the participant. hist mpg, freq . Instead, it produces a bar graph plot of selected statistics of a continuous variable (usually the mean). Apr 25, 2017 · Hi, This is probably a very easy problem but I have been trying to find this out for a while and cant make it work. Thank you all ! Gabin. The y-axis should show the proportion in %. 18%, for 1 it would be 6. describe headroom storage display value variable name type format label variable label See full list on statology. density scales the height of the bars so that the sum of their areas equals 1. ). Graphics are an important tool for communicating data and results to others, as well as illustrating trends. For a histogram, this is trivial; the syntax i Oct 7, 2020 · I would like to create a histogram identifying only the top three schools that are most frequently attended. This is a good way to see all the options available and if you want a highly specific histogram, it may in fact be faster to specify your options in this manner. Frequency plots can be made in Stata using the hist command with the freq option. Assume that you ha frequency. dta The histogram command can be used to make a simple histogram of mpg histogram mpg If you are creating a histogram for a categorical variable such as rep78, you can add the option discrete. I wanted to show how the overall deciles of that continuous variable varied by group. Step 2 was to make a frequency histogram. Example: Frequency Histogram In our first example, student scores on a tough exam have been visualized using a frequency histogram: Frequency histogram of a difficult exam. You can use Stata's graph bar command to create simple bar charts, or you can add options to make more sophisticated charts. In this article we are going to learn how to create Histogram in Stata Let’s load one of Stata’s inbuilt datasets to see how histograms are created. Nov 13, 2024 · Basic Graphing in Stata Let’s start with some basic graph examples before we dive into customization. Histograms do this, too, and the histogram itself is a kind of kernel density estimate. dta) Data Files” handout). We can revise our histogram to display frequency on the y-axis instead of density. When you execute a command using the user interface, Stata will display the syntax in the Histograms are a common way of graphically representing the frequency distribution of data. with Stata 15 For more info see Stata’s reference manual (stata. Is there a way to plot multiple density curves onto one graph (with each line in a different colour and a legend on the side)? Thank you, Kerry Nov 16, 2022 · Bar charts are a popular tool used to visualize the frequency or percentage of observations in each group of a categorical variable. These four weights are frequency weights (fweight or frequency), analytic weights (aweight or cellsize), sampling weights (pweight), and importance weights (iweight).